Report orthologs

Source: R/report_orthologs.R

Identify the number of orthologous genes between two species.

report_orthologs(
  target_species = "mouse",
  reference_species = "human",
  standardise_genes = FALSE,
  method_all_genes = c("homologene", "gprofiler", "babelgene"),
  method_convert_orthologs = method_all_genes,
  drop_nonorths = TRUE,
  non121_strategy = "drop_both_species",
  round_digits = 2,
  return_report = TRUE,
  ref_genes = NULL,
  mc.cores = 1,
  verbose = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

target_species

Target species.

reference_species

Reference species.

standardise_genes

If TRUE AND gene_output="columns", a new column "input_gene_standard" will be added to gene_df containing standardised HGNC symbols identified by gorth.

method_all_genes

R package to to use in all_genes step:

  • "gprofiler" : Slower but more species and genes.

  • "homologene" : Faster but fewer species and genes.

  • "babelgene" : Faster but fewer species and genes. Also gives consensus scores for each gene mapping based on a several different data sources.

method_convert_orthologs

R package to to use in convert_orthologs step:

  • "gprofiler" : Slower but more species and genes.

  • "homologene" : Faster but fewer species and genes.

  • "babelgene" : Faster but fewer species and genes. Also gives consensus scores for each gene mapping based on a several different data sources.

drop_nonorths

Drop genes that don't have an ortholog in the output_species.

non121_strategy

How to handle genes that don't have 1:1 mappings between input_species:output_species. Options include:

  • "drop_both_species" or "dbs" or 1 :
    Drop genes that have duplicate mappings in either the input_species or output_species
    (DEFAULT).

  • "drop_input_species" or "dis" or 2 :
    Only drop genes that have duplicate mappings in the input_species.

  • "drop_output_species" or "dos" or 3 :
    Only drop genes that have duplicate mappings in the output_species.

  • "keep_both_species" or "kbs" or 4 :
    Keep all genes regardless of whether they have duplicate mappings in either species.

  • "keep_popular" or "kp" or 5 :
    Return only the most "popular" interspecies ortholog mappings. This procedure tends to yield a greater number of returned genes but at the cost of many of them not being true biological 1:1 orthologs.

  • "sum","mean","median","min" or "max" :
    When gene_df is a matrix and gene_output="rownames", these options will aggregate many-to-one gene mappings (input_species-to-output_species) after dropping any duplicate genes in the output_species.

round_digits

Number of digits to round to when printing percentages.

return_report

Return just the ortholog mapping between two species (FALSE) or return both the ortholog mapping as well a data.frame of the report statistics (TRUE).

ref_genes

A table of all genes for the reference_species. If NULL (default), this will automatically be created using all_genes.

mc.cores

Number of cores to parallelise each target_species with.

verbose

Print messages.

...

Arguments passed on to convert_orthologs

gene_df

Data object containing the genes (see gene_input for options on how the genes can be stored within the object).
Can be one of the following formats:

  • matrix :
    A sparse or dense matrix.

  • data.frame :
    A data.frame, data.table. or tibble.

  • codelist :
    A list or character vector.

Genes, transcripts, proteins, SNPs, or genomic ranges can be provided in any format (HGNC, Ensembl, RefSeq, UniProt, etc.) and will be automatically converted to gene symbols unless specified otherwise with the ... arguments.
Note: If you set method="homologene", you must either supply genes in gene symbol format (e.g. "Sox2") OR set standardise_genes=TRUE.

gene_input

Which aspect of gene_df to get gene names from:

  • "rownames" :
    From row names of data.frame/matrix.

  • "colnames" :
    From column names of data.frame/matrix.

  • <column name> :
    From a column in gene_df, e.g. "gene_names".

gene_output

How to return genes. Options include:

  • "rownames" :
    As row names of gene_df.

  • "colnames" :
    As column names of gene_df.

  • "columns" :
    As new columns "input_gene", "ortholog_gene" (and "input_gene_standard" if standardise_genes=TRUE) in gene_df.

  • "dict" :
    As a dictionary (named list) where the names are input_gene and the values are ortholog_gene.

  • "dict_rev" :
    As a reversed dictionary (named list) where the names are ortholog_gene and the values are input_gene.

input_species

Name of the input species (e.g., "mouse","fly"). Use map_species to return a full list of available species.

output_species

Name of the output species (e.g. "human","chicken"). Use map_species to return a full list of available species.

agg_fun

Aggregation function passed to aggregate_mapped_genes. Set to NULL to skip aggregation step (default).

mthreshold

Maximum number of ortholog names per gene to show. Passed to gorth. Only used when method="gprofiler" (DEFAULT : Inf).

method

R package to use for gene mapping:

  • "gprofiler" : Slower but more species and genes.

  • "homologene" : Faster but fewer species and genes.

  • "babelgene" : Faster but fewer species and genes. Also gives consensus scores for each gene mapping based on a several different data sources.

as_sparse

Convert gene_df to a sparse matrix. Only works if gene_df is one of the following classes:

  • matrix

  • Matrix

  • data.frame

  • data.table

  • tibble

If gene_df is a sparse matrix to begin with, it will be returned as a sparse matrix (so long as gene_output= "rownames" or "colnames").

sort_rows

Sort gene_df rows alphanumerically.

gene_map

A data.frame that maps the current gene names to new gene names. This function's behaviour will adapt to different situations as follows:

  • gene_map=<data.frame> :
    When a data.frame containing the gene key:value columns (specified by input_col and output_col, respectively) is provided, this will be used to perform aggregation/expansion.

  • gene_map=NULL and input_species!=output_species :
    A gene_map is automatically generated by map_orthologs to perform inter-species gene aggregation/expansion.

  • gene_map=NULL and input_species==output_species :
    A gene_map is automatically generated by map_genes to perform within-species gene gene symbol standardization and aggregation/expansion.

as_DelayedArray

Convert aggregated matrix to DelayedArray.

input_col

Column name within gene_map with gene names matching the row names of X.

output_col

Column name within gene_map with gene names that you wish you map the row names of X onto.

Value

A list containing:

  • map : A table of inter-species gene mappings.

  • report : A list of aggregate orthology report statistics.

If >1 target_species are provided, then a table of aggregated report statistics concatenated across species will be returned instead.

Examples

orth_fly <- report_orthologs(
    target_species = "fly",
    reference_species = "human")
#> Gathering ortholog reports.
#> Retrieving all genes using: homologene.
#> Retrieving all organisms available in homologene.
#> Mapping species name: human
#> Common name mapping found for human
#> 1 organism identified from search: 9606
#> Gene table with 19,129 rows retrieved.
#> Returning all 19,129 genes from human.
#> Retrieving all genes using: homologene.
#> Retrieving all organisms available in homologene.
#> Mapping species name: fly
#> Common name mapping found for fly
#> 1 organism identified from search: 7227
#> Gene table with 8,438 rows retrieved.
#> Returning all 8,438 genes from fly.
#> --
#> --
#> Preparing gene_df.
#> data.frame format detected.
#> Extracting genes from Gene.Symbol.
#> 8,438 genes extracted.
#> Converting fly ==> human orthologs using: homologene
#> Retrieving all organisms available in homologene.
#> Mapping species name: fly
#> Common name mapping found for fly
#> 1 organism identified from search: 7227
#> Retrieving all organisms available in homologene.
#> Mapping species name: human
#> Common name mapping found for human
#> 1 organism identified from search: 9606
#> Checking for genes without orthologs in human.
#> Extracting genes from input_gene.
#> 4,500 genes extracted.
#> Dropping 1 NAs of all kinds from input_gene.
#> Extracting genes from ortholog_gene.
#> 4,499 genes extracted.
#> Checking for genes without 1:1 orthologs.
#> Dropping 19 genes that have multiple input_gene per ortholog_gene (many:1).
#> Dropping 266 genes that have multiple ortholog_gene per input_gene (1:many).
#> Filtering gene_df with gene_map
#> Adding input_gene col to gene_df.
#> Adding ortholog_gene col to gene_df.
#> 
#> =========== REPORT SUMMARY ===========
#> Total genes dropped after convert_orthologs :
#>    4,380 / 8,438 (52%)
#> Total genes remaining after convert_orthologs :
#>    4,058 / 8,438 (48%)
#> --
#> 
#> =========== REPORT SUMMARY ===========
#> 4,058 / 8,438 (48.09%) target_species genes remain after ortholog conversion.
#> 4,058 / 19,129 (21.21%) reference_species genes remain after ortholog conversion.